- Overview
- Method A. Using default correction filters
- Method B. Generating a correction with REW
- Method C. Generating a correction with Python
- Wrapping up
Overview [Top]
AutoEQ is an open-source database and python application that generates correction filters for earphones and headphones. Based from a database of 2500 headphone measurements, this database is impressive! All credits to the active contributors of this project! In this application note, we will show three ways to use AutoEQ with miniDSP.
As our example, we will use a SHD Studio as it has a built-in headphone amp. However you can use many other miniDSP processors such as the 2x4 HD together with a separate headphone amp or the miniDSP headphone amplifier IL-DSP with built in EQ.
If you prefer to do your own measurements, see the miniDSP EARS.
Method A. Using default correction filters[Top]
Method A uses the default correction filters from the AutoEQ web page. Jump to the results section of the AutoEQ github repository. Search through the list to find your headphones.
Once you are at your headphone page, scroll down to the Parametric EQ section. We will use the Audeze LCD-X as an example. The parametric EQ filters from that page are:
| Type | Fc | Q | Gain |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peaking | 22 Hz | 1.06 | 2.9 dB |
| Peaking | 218 Hz | 0.76 | -2.9 dB |
| Peaking | 856 Hz | 1.09 | -4.6 dB |
| Peaking | 3252 Hz | 0.93 | 6.7 dB |
| Peaking | 5330 Hz | 3.69 | -5.8 dB |
| Peaking | 1134 Hz | 5.36 | -1.2 dB |
| Peaking | 2179 Hz | 1.35 | 1.6 dB |
| Peaking | 2464 Hz | 3.17 | -2.3 dB |
| Peaking | 10267 Hz | 1.05 | 4.7 dB |
| Peaking | 19623 Hz | 0.34 | -17.0 dB |
In the miniDSP plugin, open up the PEQ block for one of the output channels and enter all the parametric EQ values. You need to do this manually i.e. enter them one by one. Here is the SHD plugin with the values above entered:
Note that we have linked the PEQ block to the other output channel.
Visually compare your curve against the green curve labeled "Equalization" on the AutoEQ page to double-check that you have entered all the values correctly. Save your configuration to a file for safe keeping.
The AutoEQ page recommends a preamp gain of –6.3 dB. If you are controlling gain in the SHD Studio, you don't need to do this. If, however, you are controlling gain in the headphone amp, set the master volume of the miniDSP to –6.3 dB or less. This ensures that you do not clip the output stage of the miniDSP.
Now go ahead and play some music!
Method B. Generating a correction with REW[Top]
Method B generates EQ filters from the raw measurement data using REW (Room EQ Wizard). Step by step:
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Browse the measurements folder of the AutoEQ repository to find the CSV data file for the measurement you want to use as a starting point. For example, here is the data for the LCD-X. Click on the "Raw" button to the right and save the displayed file to your computer.
(Some browsers may not want to save the raw data. If this happens, try another browser.)
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Browse the AutoEQ compensation folder and pick a target response. There are quite a number of targets, but harman_over-ear_2018.csv is a good choice for over-ear headphones. Download the raw CSV file as described above.
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Import both downloaded files into REW: for each of them, drop down the File menu and select Import then Import Frequency Response.
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Click on the All SPL button. The headphone measurement and the compensation curve will be displayed:
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Click on Controls (towards the top right), then click on the Trace Arithmetic button. Select the headphone as "A" and the compensation curve as "B". On the dropdown, select "A / B" as shown here:
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Click the Generate button. The trace "A Over B" will appear. This is the "error" curve – that is, the difference between the actual headphone response and the desired response. It is shown in blue here:
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Now for the fun part! With A over B selected in the left sidebar of REW, click on the EQ button. The procedure to generate a correction filter is described in our app note Headphone EQ with EARS and REW, starting at the Applying EQ section. Note that you may need to try different target levels and tweak the EQ manually. For this example a target level of -6 dB worked best for us. Here is our result:
We used six filters to get this curve.
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Export the filter coefficients to a text file.
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In the miniDSP plugin, use Advanced mode to import the text file containing the filter coefficients. Here is our PEQ block after importing:
Method C. Generating a correction with Python [Top]
Method C requires that you run the AutoEQ Python code from the command line. This way you can custom-generate correction filters with different compensation curves and number of filters. It is more complex than the other two methods.
To proceed, go to the AutoEQ page and scroll down to the Installing section. Follow the instructions there. (This is likely to be easiest on Linux but instructions are there also for Windows and Mac.)
Notes:
-
You may have python 2 and python 3 installed. If entering the "python" command doesn't work as expected, try using "python3" instead. For example, enter:
python3 -m venv venv
to set up the Python virtual environment.
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You may run into various other issues that need to be resolved on a platform-specific basis. On Linux, for example, we needed to install libsndfile with:
apt-get install libsndfile1
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Don't forget to reload the virtual environment for each session i.e. on Linux:
. venv/bin/activate
Or on Windows:
venv\Scripts\activate.bat
Once you have everything installed, run the Python program to generate your correction filters. There are many command-line options described on the AutoEQ page. We used the following command to generate a set of five filters for the LCD-X:
python autoeq.py \ --input_dir="measurements/oratory1990/data/onear/Audeze LCD-X/" \ --output_dir="lcd-x" --compensation="compensation/harman_over-ear_2018.csv" \ --equalize --parametric_eq --fs 96000 --max_filters 5
This produces a set of files in the "lcd-x" folder, including the graph showing the generated correction. The appearance will depend on your platform (Linux, macOS, Windows), but here is our example:
The file "Audeze LCD-X ParametricEQ.txt" contains these filters:
Preamp: -6.2 dB Filter 1: ON PK Fc 14 Hz Gain 5.1 dB Q 0.31 Filter 2: ON PK Fc 227 Hz Gain -3.1 dB Q 0.83 Filter 3: ON PK Fc 830 Hz Gain -4.5 dB Q 1.16 Filter 4: ON PK Fc 2993 Hz Gain 6.4 dB Q 1.31 Filter 5: ON PK Fc 18981 Hz Gain -17.2 dB Q 2.46
Here are those 5 filters loaded into the SHD plugin:
Note that AutoEQ may produce filters that you can't enter exactly into the miniDSP plugin. For example, the Q of 0.31 for the first filter will be changed by the plugin to the minimum it will accept i.e. 0.5.
The AutoEQ program has a number of other interesting features, such as the ability to EQ a headphone so that it will measure the same as another headphone. Read through the documentation for more details.
Wrapping up [Top]
And that's it! Don't be afraid to experiment with different settings or adjusting the EQ until it sounds right to you. Have fun, and let us know how you go in our forum.
